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December 13, 2024
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Iran Linked Hackers Deploy Sophisticated IOCONTROL Malware Targeting Critical Infrastructure


A terminal interface displaying the execution of a tool called 'mr_soul_controller' with the 'oblivator' module targeting a system for data wiping. Successful wiping of MTD storage devices, including bootloader, kernel, and filesystem, is shown alongside a silhouette map in the background.

Iranian threat actors have deployed a sophisticated malware called IOCONTROL, targeting critical infrastructure and IoT systems across Israel and the United States. The advanced cyber weapon, discovered by Claroty's Team82 researchers, demonstrates a significant escalation in nation-state cyber capabilities designed to compromise industrial control systems.

The malware specifically targets a diverse range of devices including IP cameras, routers, programmable logic controllers (PLCs), human-machine interfaces (HMIs), firewalls, and fuel management systems from multiple manufacturers such as D-Link, Hikvision, Baicells, Red Lion, and Orpak.

Researchers attribute IOCONTROL to a hacking group known as CyberAv3ngers, believed to be affiliated with Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps Cyber Electronic Command. The malware's modular configuration enables it to adapt and infiltrate various system architectures with remarkable flexibility.

The malware's communication infrastructure is notably sophisticated, utilizing MQTT protocol through port 8883 to establish encrypted communication with command and control (C2) servers. Additionally, it employs DNS over HTTPS (DoH) to resolve domains, effectively evading network traffic monitoring tools.

IOCONTROL's capabilities include comprehensive system reconnaissance, enabling threat actors to extract detailed device information such as hostname, current user, device model, timezone, and firmware version. The malware supports multiple critical commands, including arbitrary OS command execution, self-deletion, and network port scanning.

Particularly concerning is the malware's persistence mechanism. It uses a startup script ('S93InitSystemd.sh') to execute the malware process ('iocontrol') upon system boot, ensuring continued access even after the device restarts. The configuration is encrypted using AES-256-CBC, adding an additional layer of obfuscation.

The threat actors have claimed to have compromised approximately 200 gas stations in Israel and the United States, highlighting the potential real-world impact of such cyber intrusions. As of December 2024, the malware binary remains undetected by major antivirus engines, underscoring its sophisticated design.

Cybersecurity experts warn that IOCONTROL represents a significant evolution in state-sponsored cyber weaponry, demonstrating an increasing trend of targeting critical infrastructure through IoT and operational technology systems. The malware's ability to potentially control pumps, payment terminals, and peripheral systems poses substantial risks to national security and civilian infrastructure.

Organizations are advised to implement robust network segmentation, continuously update device firmware, and maintain vigilant monitoring of IoT and industrial control systems to mitigate potential risks posed by such sophisticated malware threats.

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Anthony Denis

Anthony Denis a Security News Reporter with a Bachelor's in Business Computer Application. Drawing from a decade of digital media marketing experience and two years of freelance writing, he brings technical expertise to cybersecurity journalism. His background in IT, content creation, and social media management enables him to deliver complex security topics with clarity and insight.

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