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Welcome to the first part of our enlightening blog series on the Windows Registry, an integral but often misunderstood component of Microsoft Windows operating systems. In this introductory post, we delve into the essence of the Windows Registry, a complex database storing vital configuration details for software, hardware, and user settings. We’ll explore how it acts as the operating system’s DNA, adapting and changing with each new program installation and system modification. Our journey will take us through the nuances of accessing and using the Registry, highlighting its evolution since Windows 95 and its pivotal role in shaping the Windows experience. Whether you’re a seasoned IT professional or a curious enthusiast, this series aims to demystify the Registry, making it an accessible and understandable tool for enhancing your computing environment.
What is Windows Registry?
The Windows Registry is a group of databases that store configuration information for Microsoft Windows operating systems. Much of the information and settings for software programs, hardware devices, user preferences, and operating-system configurations are stored in the Windows Registry.
When a new program is installed, for example, a new set of instructions and file references may be added to the registry in a specific location for the programme, as well as others who may interact with it, to refer to for more information such as where the files are located, which programme options to use, and so on. The registry can be compared to the DNA of the Windows operating system in many ways.
The Windows Registry isn’t required for all Windows apps. Some programs use XML or other types of files instead of the registry to store their configurations, while others are completely portable and store their data in an executable file.
Accessing the Windows Registry
The Registry Editor tool, a free registry editing utility included by default with every version of Microsoft Windows dating back to Windows 95, is used to access and configure the Windows Registry.
Registry Editor isn’t an application that you can install on your computer. Instead, use the regedit command from the Command Prompt or the search or Run box from the Start menu to get to it. The Registry Editor is the public face of the register, and it allows you to view and edit it, but it is not the registry itself. In technical terms, the registry refers to a collection of database files in the Windows installation directory.
Using the Windows Registry
The registry is made up of registry values (instructions) that are contained within registry keys (folders that store more data), all of which are contained within one of multiple registry hives (folders that categorise all the data in the registry using subfolders). Using Registry Editor to alter these values and keys affects the configuration that each value controls. We’ll go through all of the best ways to alter the Windows Registry in the coming blog posts.
Changing registry settings solves a problem, answers a question, or affects the behaviour of a programme. Windows and other programmes frequently refer to the registry. Changes to practically any configuration are reflected in the proper parts of the registry, however, these changes may not be apparent until the computer is restarted.
Because the Windows Registry is so crucial, backing up the bits you’re modifying before you update them is critical. .REG files are used to save backups of the Windows Registry. This also means that you can restore the registry. Backing up the registry is a common practice before making a significant change to the operating system. Especially for folks who are employed as IT Admins in companies.
In Every Windows Since `95
Nearly every Microsoft Windows version, including Windows 11, Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98, and Windows 95, includes the Windows Registry and the Microsoft Registry Editor software.
Windows 95 Registry Editor
Despite the fact that the registry is present in practically every Windows edition, there are some minor changes. In MS-DOS and early versions of Windows, there were several other files such as autoexec.bat, config.sys, and practically all of the INI files that carried configuration information. These were superseded by the Windows Registry.
Windows Registry location
So now that you know what the Windows Registry is all about, where can you find the registry? In newer versions of Windows, the %SystemRoot%\ System32\Config\ folder contains the SAM, SECURITY, SOFTWARE, SYSTEM, and DEFAULT registry files, among others.
Registry data is stored as.DAT files in older versions of Windows under the %WINDIR% folder. The REG.DAT is the single registry file used by Windows 3.11 for the complete Windows Registry. Windows 2000 maintains a backup copy of the HKEY LOCAL MACHINE System key that it can utilise to troubleshoot an issue with the current one. Starting with Windows 10 version 1803, the operating system no longer backs up the registry into the RegBack folder. If you open the folder, you’ll still see the individual files but they’re all O kB in size. That means they’re empty. Microsoft recommends that you use System Restore points instead.
We hope that this series takes away the fear that people generally have when they are dealing with the Windows Registry. If you figure out any interesting hacks, please feel free to let us know. We might add more more hacks. Thanks for reading this post. Please share this post and help secure the digital world. Visit our website, thesecmaster.com, and our social media page on Facebook, LinkedIn, Twitter, Telegram, Tumblr, Medium, and Instagram and subscribe to receive updates like this.
Arun KL
Arun KL is a cybersecurity professional with 15+ years of experience in IT infrastructure, cloud security, vulnerability management, Penetration Testing, security operations, and incident response. He is adept at designing and implementing robust security solutions to safeguard systems and data. Arun holds multiple industry certifications including CCNA, CCNA Security, RHCE, CEH, and AWS Security.
